Brachiaria plantaginea
Scientific Name | Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc. |
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Synonyms | Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R.D. Webster, |
Common Names | English: Alexandergrass, Plantain signalgrass; Portuguese: Capim-marmelada; Spanish: Braquipará |
Description | Annual grass. |
Gallery

Descriptions
Characteristic Features
The leaf blades narrower than Panicum adspersum (Broadleaf Panicum) lighter colored, leaf margins not "wavy".
Stems
20-100 cm (7.87 - 39.37 inch), decumbent, geniculate, branching and rooting at the lower nodes; nodes glabrous.
Leaves
Sheaths mostly glabrous, except the margins ciliate, with papillose-based hairs.
Ligules 0.5-1.5 mm (0.019 - 0.059 inch).
Blades 3-21 cm (1.18 - 8.27 inch) long, 6-20 mm (0.24 - 0.78 inch) wide, glabrous, bases subcordate to cordate, clasping the stems.
Margins sometimes ciliate basally.
Propagation Organs
Flowers
Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 2-8; borne along a central axis; unilateral; 2-11 cm (0.78 - 4.33 inch) long. Central inflorescence axis 10-20 cm (3.93 - 7.87 inch) long.
Rhachis broadly winged; with sharp-edged midrib; 1-2 mm (0.039 - 0.078 inch) wide; scabrous on margins.
Spikelet packing adaxial; regular; 2 -rowed. Spikelets ascending; solitary.
Fertile spikelets pedicelled.
Pedicels oblong; 0.5 mm (0.019 inch) long.
Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic; dorsally compressed; compressed slightly; acute; 4-5.5 mm (0.16 - 0.22 inch) long; falling entire.
Rhachilla internodes elongated between glumes.
Glumes dissimilar; reaching apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma.
Lower glume ovate; clasping; 0.25-0.33 times length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 3-5 -veined. Lower glume apex obtuse, or acute.
Upper glume ovate; 1 times length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 5-7 -veined. Upper glume apex acute.
Basal sterile florets barren; with palea.
Lemma of lower sterile floret similar to upper glume; ovate; 1 times length of spikelet; membranous; 5 -veined; acute. Fertile lemma ovate; 3.5-5 mm (0.14 - 0.19 inch) long; indurate; without keel. Lemma surface granulose; unwrinkled or rugulose. Lemma margins involute. Lemma apex obtuse.
Palea involute; indurate; without keels. Palea surface granular, or rugose.
Flowering Period
Summer.
Fruit
Caryopsis.
Seeds
Germination in spring.
Viability of Seeds
Short lived seed bank, seeds viability less than 5 years.
Propagation
By seeds.
Occurrence
Habitat
Agricultural sites, disturbed areas.
Soil
Loose sand and loamy soils.
Agricultural Importance
B. plantaginea is a major weed of soybean in Brazil, mainly when grown under a reduced tillage regime. It is very competitive and a prolific seed producer.
Control
Useful non-chemical contribution to Integrated Weed Management
Deep tillage practices and dense crop stands effectively suppress this weed species.
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